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Pottery and Ceramic glaze ingredient classifications and what they are for:

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Glaze Balancers and Percentages

ALUMINA

This is an aluminium oxide.
It is produced by the refining of bauxite.
Having a high melting point, it is used as a refractory material.

SILICA

Silica, which is the chemical name for the mineral quartz and a synonym for silicon dioxide.
Used in the manufacture of special refractory materials for ceramics.

FLUXES

Each has different properties that affect the glaze color and texture.

ALKALINE	ALKALINE EARTHS	METAL FLUXES
Sodium - Na	Calcium - Ca	Lead - Pb
Soda Ash (Na2 CO3)	Whiting /Calcium Carbonate	** BEWARE
* Soda Feldspar	Lime
Boric Ox. (B2O3)	Dolomite (Ca2 Mg CO3)
Borax (Na2O 2B2O3 1OH2O)	Gerstley Borate / Colemanite
	Wollastonite (CaO3 SiO2)

ALKALINES	ALKALINE EARTHS	METAL FLUXES
Potassium - K	Magnesium-Mg	Zinc - Zn
* Potash Feldspar	Talc (3MgO 4SiO2 H2O)	Zinc Oxide (ZnO)
* Nepheline Syenite (K2O 3Na2 4Al2O3 9SiO2)
*Cornwallstone (K2O Al2O3 3SiO2)

ALKALINES	ALKALINE EARTHS	METAL FLUXES
Lithium - Li	Barium - Ba	Strontium - Sr
* Petalite (Li2O Al2O3 8SiO2)	(Note: toxic)
* Lepidolite
* Spodumene (Li2O Al2O3 4SiO2)

Modifiers

OPACIFIERS

Opacifiers	%	Comments
Antimony (Sb2O3)	10 to12	Toxic
Tin(Sn2)	5 to 7	use in majolica glaze
Titanium(TiO2)	8 to12	texture, crystals
Zinc(ZnO)	2 to 8	crystals, high shrinkage

COLORANTS

Colorant	%	Color
Cobalt Co	.25 to 5	blue
Iron Fe	1 to14	tan, yellow, brown
Copper Cu	1 to 6	green, red
Rutile	2 to10	tan, mottled
Manganese MnO2	2 to10	mauve, gray
Nickel NiO2	1 to3	gray
Chrome Cr2O3	1 to 6	green
Vanadium Pentoxide	5 to10	yellow

Even if you are on the right track, you'll get run over if you just sit there.

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Have you ever come up with a good idea while working with your pottery or ceramics and thought that you would like to share it with others? You have? Well, why not send it to us and we will add it to the tips page for all to see.

There are signs that pottery and ceramics are losing appeal for a younger generation. There are pottery and ceramic departments closing in teaching institutions throughout the country. The common understanding is that younger students are reluctant to commit themselves to the intensive study required to master pottery and ceramics. Why spend three years to learn just one art form when you can pick up PhotoShop in less than a week? Pottery wheels lie idle as students flock to the computer labs. With all the stressful actions in the world today, releasing that stress through pottery and ceramics would be very beneficial to ones well being.

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