Pottery and Ceramic ClayFiring Chart |
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TO BECOME HARD AND GLASS LIKE, CLAY MUST BE FIRED. KILN PEEPHOLEThe color of the kiln atmosphere.We look through the peepholes in the wall of the kiln and simply note the color inside. The atmosphere in the kiln glows red at about 932° F, then turns orange to yellow to white as it gets hotter. By 2372° F the atmosphere is white hot and damaging to the naked eye. PYROMETERThis is a thermometer capable of registering high temperatures.CONESCones are the most accurate method because they measure the effects temperature has on the clay over time, the working temperature.Often clays and glazes are referred to by the Cone number to which they are best fired, such as, a Cone 9 glaze or a Cone 8 porcelain, and so forth. The Cones themselves are small pieces of specially formulated clay which begin to melt at specific temperatures. They are placed inside the kiln so that they can be seen when one looks through the peepholes while the kiln is being fired. When the Cone begins to melt and bend over we know that the specific temperature has been reached. WHAT HAPPENS AS CLAYS AND GLAZES ARE FIRED212° FWater boils.212 to 392° F
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